Comparison between RVG UI sensor and Kodak InSight film for detection of incipient proximal caries

Object The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of the four combination modes of Trophy RadioVisioGraphy UI sensor (Trex-Trophy Radiology Inc., Marne-la-Valee, France) and Kodak InSight film (Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY) for detecting proximal dental caries. Materials and Methods Thirty extracted human upper premolars were selected. Of 60 surfaces, 25 had carious lesions in the form of small cavities, and the rest showed no evidence of caries as verified by a micro computed tomogram (micro CT; XCT Research SA+, Stratec Medizintechnik GmbH, Pforzheim, Germany). All teeth were radiographed with the paralleling technique (60kV, 40 cm focus-to-sensor distance). Four combination modes (high-resolution caries mode—HRC; high-sensitivity caries mode—HSC; high-resolution periodontal mode—HRP; and high-resolution endo mode—HRE) were used. Exposure was set at 0.12 sec for HRC, 0.08 sec for HSC, 0.16 sec for HRP, 0.12 sec for HRE, and 0.16 sec for the Kodak InSight film. The resulting images were evaluated by three oral radiologists. The same three observers evaluated the digital images, and were allowed to use the contrast and brightness controls in doing so. Possible differences in ROC curve areas among image modalities were assessed by the Friedman test. Results The mean ROC curve areas were 0.66±0.11 for HRC, 0.78±0.02 for HSC, 0.76±0.04 for HRE, 0.77±0.04 for HRP, and 0.71±0.09 for the Kodak InSight film. There were no statistically significant differences between HRC, HSC, HRE, HRP and the Kodak InSight film in terms of proximal caries detection. Conclusion The four modes of RVG UI system are each a viable alternative to intraoral film for the detection of incipient dental caries.     

Digital subtraction arthrography and arthrofluoroscopic dynamic observations on TMJ dysfunction syndrome

Digital subtraction arthrography and arthrofluoroscopic dynamic observation were performed for seventy cases with TMJ dysfunction syndrome. A comparative study between the findings of digital subtraction arthrography and the operative findings was carried out for eleven cases who underwent surgery. It has been found that digital subtraction arthrography can overcome the disadvantages of conventional arthrography and has important diagnostic value for TMJ dysfunction syndrome, especially for disc perforation. In addition. The procedure of digital subtraction arthrography, the normal and abnormal manifestations of digital subtraction arthrograms were described in the present study.     

数字全景X片在评价非负荷期种植体周围骨吸收的临床应用

目的：评价数字全景X片在测量非负荷期种植体周围牙槽骨吸收的应用情况。方法：观测、分析对比共26例病人50枚Camlog系统种植体的临床应用非负荷期间数字化X片和X线牙片上种植体周围牙槽骨吸收的情况。结果：50枚Carolog种植体植入后10天、两种X片骨吸收测量结果分别为0．65mm＼0．81mm，两者之间无明显差异；第四个月（或六个月＼下颌）分别为0．12＼1mm＼0．19mm，两者之间无明显差异。结论：本研究显示数字化X片在测量非负荷期种植体周围牙槽骨吸收的应用中有操作简单．重复性好、精确度高、变形可补偿等优点，有实际应用价值，值得推广。     

三维点激光扫描仪的扫描可靠性研究

目的全面评价Roland LPX-1200三维点激光扫描仪的扫描可靠性，为临床研究提供参考。方法规则加工的仿牙齿样模具，使用Roland LPX 1200点激光扫描仪获得其数字化模型，通过比较不同起始位置的扫描结果，评价扫描仪的扫描可重复性；选择长，宽，高三维方向上65项测量项目，比较数字化模型测量与实物测量之间的差异，评价其扫描准确性。结果连续扫描以及改变扫描初始位置引起的扫描随机误差在0．02mm以内；数字化模型测量与实物测量之间的差值均数为0．0012±0．05mm，P〈0．05。结论扫描仪具有良好的可靠性，能满足正畸临床对模型测量精度的要求。     

数字医疗在舰船外科的应用展望

信息技术和通信技术的发展推动着医疗信息技术蓬勃发展及数字化技术和应用软件的使用,促进了医疗的精准化、移动化、远程化.数字医疗在舰船外科的应用充满着巨大的潜能.本文主要分析了舰船外科及其目前面临的困难,并提出了运用数字医疗技术来解决舰船外科所面临的问题,提供一个促进我国舰船外科领域更加科学、快速发展的思考方向.     

Picoliter‐Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction‐Based Analysis of Cell‐Free Plasma DNA to Assess EGFR Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma That Confer Resistance to Tyrosine‐Kinase Inhibitors

Purpose.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of analyzing cell-free plasma DNA (cfDNA) by picoliter-droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) to detect EGFR mutations that confer resistance to tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used for treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC).

Experimental design.

Thirty-five LADC patients who received epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-TKI therapy, including ten who received tumor rebiopsy after development of resistance, were subjected to picoliter-ddPCR-cfDNA analysis to determine the fraction of cfDNA with TKI-sensitive (L858R and inflame exon 19 deletions) and -resistant (i.e., T790M) mutations, as well as their concordance with mutation status in rebiopsied tumor tissues.

Results.

cfDNA samples from 15 (94%) of 16 patients who acquired resistance were positive for TKI-sensitive mutations. Also, 7 (44%) were positive for the T790M mutation, with fractions of T790M (+) cfDNA ranging from 7.4% to 97%. T790M positivity in cfDNA was consistent in eight of ten patients for whom rebiopsied tumor tissues were analyzed, whereas the remaining cases were negative in cfDNA and positive in rebiopsied tumors. Prior to EGFR-TKI therapy, cfDNAs from 9 (38%) and 0 of 24 patients were positive for TKI-sensitive and T790M mutations, respectively. Next-generation sequencing of cfDNA from one patient who exhibited innate resistance to TKI despite a high fraction of TKI-sensitive mutations and the absence of the T790M mutation in his cfDNA revealed the presence of the L747P mutation, a known driver of TKI resistance.

Conclusion.

Picoliter-ddPCR examination of cfDNA, supported by next-generation sequencing analysis, enables noninvasive assessment of EGFR mutations that confer resistance to TKIs.

Implications for Practice:

Noninvasive monitoring of the predominance of tumors harboring the secondary T790M mutation in the activating mutation in EGFR gene is necessary for precise and effective treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. Because cells harboring the T790M mutation are resistant to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the predominance of tumor cells harboring the T790M mutations influences the choice of whether to use conventional or next-generation TKIs. Digital polymerase chain reaction-based examination of cfDNA is a promising method; however, its feasibility, including its consistency with examination of rebiopsied tumor tissue, has not been fully proven. Here, picoliter-droplet digital polymerase chain reaction technology is presented as a candidate method for testing cfDNA and assessing the predominance of T790M-mutant tumors.     

影像学检查在骨肿瘤诊治中的应用价值

目的 探讨骨肿瘤诊治中的影像学检查的价值.方法 回顾性分析110例骨肿瘤患者的影像学及病理学资料.110例患者中102例行数字化X射线摄影(DR)检查,其中42例患者行计算机体层摄影术(CT)检查,40例患者行磁共振成像(MRI)检查,比较骨肿瘤的影像学特征,比较影像学与病理学诊断结果及对良恶性骨肿瘤的诊断正确率.结果 DR和CT在显示骨质增生、破坏、硬化和病灶边界等方面结果类似,但是DR在颅、脊柱、骨盆病灶、细微病灶、软组织阴影不如CT;DR在骨膜反应中表现良好,MRI在骨髓水肿和软组织的影响上特异性最强,但是在显示骨膜增生、硬化、破坏、钙化等方面情况较差.DR诊断的正确率为91.20%,CT诊断的正确率为90.48%,MRI诊断正确率为95.00%.3种影像学检查方法对良恶性骨肿瘤的鉴别诊断正确率方面没有统计学差异(P>0.05).结论 DR平片为骨肿瘤的首选的检查方法,CT主要显示肿瘤的范围和细微结构,MRI对软组织及骨髓水肿具有一定的优势,三者相结合对骨肿瘤诊治过程中的判断具有优势互补的作用.     

数码摄像机在医学形态学现实和虚拟实验教学中的应用研究

医学形态学实验教学是整个教学过程中至关重要的环节,是学好其他基础医学课程和临床医学课程的必要前提.数码摄像机运用于形态学实验教学制作基础-临床综合性实验系统、构建医学形态学虚拟实验室、同步实时显示教师的示教等,这就使得医学形态学的实验教学内容形象生动、易于接受,从而提高了学生的学习兴趣;同时,也极大地减轻了教师的工作量,提高了教学效率.     

基于数字减影血管造影的 VX2肝癌兔靶向药物治疗模型的建立

目的探讨基于数字减影血管造影( DSA)的 VX2兔肝癌模型建立以及影响建模成功的相关因素。方法 2019年 11月至 2022年 6月, 44只健康新西兰大白兔使用随机数字表法等分成 A、B两组,各 22只。均实施开腹穿刺接种法移植肝癌, A组行常规经导管动脉化疗栓塞术( TACE)手术治疗(阿霉素 +碘化油)B组在传统 TACE治疗的基础上联合使用靶向药物贝伐单抗。根据手术后生存时间分为死亡组(存活时间 <14 d)和存活组(存活,时间 ≥14 d)将可能影响存活的因素分别行单因素及 lo- gistic多因素回归分析,使用受试者操作特征曲线( ROC曲线)分析相关因素的诊断预,测效能。结果死亡组为 10只,存活组为 34只。多因素分析显示体质量［ OR=0.20,95%CI:(0.07,0.59)］、总胆红素［ OR=6.02,95%CI:(2.55,14.16)］是 VX2肝癌兔术后短期死亡的独立影响因素。 ROC曲线分析显示当肝癌兔体质量 ≤2.44 kg、总胆红素 ≥4.84 μmol/L时预测术后短期死亡的效能最高,此时曲线下面积( AUC)分别为 0.90和 0.89。结论基于 DSA的 VX2肝癌兔靶向药物治疗模型的建立成功率较为可靠,但较低的体质量和较高的术后血清总胆红素是肝癌兔术后短期内死亡的独立危险因素。